Most current M/NVE research, including the framing in this hub, focuses on networks with recognisable structures of membership and progression. Field observation increasingly suggests an even-less-organised pattern is emerging on TikTok and similar platforms, in which young people radicalise without ever joining a group. The dynamic looks closer to attention competition than to recruitment, and probably needs separate research methods to study.

Almost no longitudinal research exists on what happens to former M/NVE participants in the longer term. Research on jihadist deradicalisation provides some methodological precedent, but the comparison may not transfer cleanly given the different pathway in and the different victim/perpetrator overlap.

Female-identifying participants, including those who transition from victim to perpetrator-figure within the Com hierarchy, are underdocumented compared to the male majority of perpetrators. Existing data is fragmented across case studies.

Despite multiple national designations and prosecutions, no comparison exists of how different legal systems are actually handling M/NVE cases in practice. Comparative work would help all jurisdictions learn from each other.

Early observations suggest AI tools are being used for content remixing and translation more than for net-new generation, but the picture changes month by month and the underlying empirical base is thin. Worth tracking systematically rather than anecdotally.